Priokskoye, Poezia and Vostorg, columnar apple varieties of the VNIISPK breeding, have shown high efficiency of cultivation. When cultivating a columnar orchard with 1,0 × 0,5 m spacing of trees on dwarf rootstocks it is advisable to use such varieties as Sozvezdie and Pamiaty Blynskogo, which have low ability for shoot formation. 3,0 × 1,0 m planting design (3333 trees per hectare) is recommended when using semi-dwarf 3-4-98. The development of triploid scab immune columnar apple varieties as well as the development of a planting design for non-supporting columnar orchards is of great interest.

Experimental and Mathematical Simulation of Population Dynamics of Rhizospheric Bacteria under Conditions of Cadmium Stress. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po primeneniyu. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po raschetu vybrosov parnikovykh gazov v atmosferu ot poligonov tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov [Guidelines on Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Caused by Municipal Solid Waste Landfills]. Almaty, 2010.

We also present the variants of columnar apple planting designs which need to be estimated in the nearest future. Kolonnovidnye yabloni: vse o yablonyakh kolonnovidnogo tipa [Columnar apple trees: all about apple trees of a columnar type]. Moscow, 2002. Kronirovanie kolonnovidnykh rastenii yabloni kak odin iz putei ispol’zovaniya ee v sverkhplotnom sadu [Formation of crown of columnar apple trees as one of the ways of apple use in the super dense orchard].

In: Rol’ sortov i novykh tekhnologii v intensivnom sadovodstve [A role of cultivars and new technologies in the intensive orchard]. Oryol: VNIISPK, 2003.

Kachalkin, M. Osobennosti rosta kolonnovidnykh form yabloni [Peculiarities of growth of columnar apple selections]. Izvestiya Timiryazevskoi sel’skokhozyaistvennoi akademii, 2004, no.1, pp.72-77 4.

Kachalkin, M. Kolonny, kotorye plodonosyat [Columns that bear fruit]. Moscow: Kladez’-Buks, 2008. Kachalkin, M. Yablonya 21 veka [Apple of the 21 century]. Moscow, 2013, 64 p.

Estimation of columnar apple varieties developed at the VNIISPK and methods of their cultivation in the intensive orchard [Otsenka kolonnovidnykh sortov yabloni selektsii VNIISPK i priemov ikh vozdelyvaniya v intensivnom sadu]. Avtoreferat candidate of agricultural sciences. Purnov na start torrent.

Oryol: Oryol state agrarian university, 2013. Programma i metodika selektsii plodovykh, yagodnykh i orekhoplodnykh kul’tur [Program and methods fruit, berry and nut crop breeding].

Oryol: VNIISPK, 1995. N., Savel’eva I. Yablonya kolonnovidnaya (biologiya, genetika, selektsiya) [Columnar apple trees (biology, genetics, breeding)].