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Design Manufacturing Installation Specification Inspection Concrete Pipe vs. Alternative Materials Contacting a Concrete Pipe Producer Design Q: How do I calculate the required class of pipe required for my project? A: You can either use the to look up the required class of pipe or download Chapter 4 of the for a thorough explanation of how to calculate the required class of pipe. Q: What do the classes of pipe represent? A: To make concrete pipe more readily available; rather than produce the pipe to the specific D-load required for every job, precast concrete pipe is often specified in terms of a generalized class system. The classes of pipe represent the minimum D-load capacity a pipe produced to that class must have.

The classes are designated in ASTM C 76, or AASHTO M 170. The required D-load capacity per pipe is as follows. Class 0.01 inch Crack D-load (lbs/ft/ft) Ultimate D-load (lbs/ft/ft) I II III IV V 800 1000 1350 2000 3000 1200 1500 2000 3000 3750 Q: What is a D-Load? A: The supporting strength of a pipe loaded under three-edge-bearing test conditions expressed in pounds per linear foot of inside diameter or horizontal span. Q: What are standard installations and which type would I use for my project?

A: The four Standard Installations provide an optimum range of soil-pipe interaction characteristics. As a designer you can choose from a Type 1 Installation that requires high quality backfill material and compaction levels coupled with a lower strength pipe to a Type 4 Installation utilizing a lower strength pipe because it was developed for conditions with little or no control over the fill materials or compaction. A Type 1 installation requires greater soil stiffness from the surrounding soils than the Type 2, 3, and 4 installations, and is thus harder to achieve. Therefore, field verification of soil properties and compaction levels should be performed. Soil and Minimum Compactions are shown below: The type of Installation you choose will be based on a combination of factors such as available backfill materials, depth of fill, and required class of pipe.

The American Concrete Pipe Association has that can be downloaded free of charge by filling out the registration form at the bottom of the page. This software will help you analyze different Installation Types to help you decide on the most economical choice. Q: What is the difference in Direct and Indirect Design for RCP? A: Indirect Design is the comparison of the structural strength of the pipe found in the Three-Edge Bearing test to the field supporting strength of a buried pipe. More information on Indirect Design can be found in the. The Direct Design is the design of the pipe in the installed condition. Obrazci pechatej cdr. The magnitude and distribution of the loads are determined, and the physical properties necessary to support those loads are calculated.

Q: When should I use Direct Design vs. Indirect Design for concrete pipe? A: Indirect Design is the standard method for designing reinforced concrete pipe. It is a simplified method that corresponds to a pipe produced to a performance specification, whereby it is tested at the plant to verify its strength. When a concrete pipe cannot be tested to verify its strength in the plant, than the pipe structure must be designed similar to any other concrete structure using a direct design method that incorporates load factors and process factors into the design.

If an engineer comes across a D-load of pipe that cannot be tested in the three-edge bearing test, either because the producer can not apply sufficient load, or the pipe is too large to fit within the three-edge bearing test apparatus, then the engineer might want utilize the direct design method to design the pipe. Small diameter pipe should not be designed using the Direct Design Method due to the fact that the equations for direct design were originally formulated for larger diameters and therefore are overly conservative for the design of small diameter concrete pipe. Q: What is the minimum fill height I can bury a concrete pipe?